BIOLOGY PRACTICUM REPORT
“RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM ON INSECTS”
Group Name:
1.
Ellen Kurniawati (06)
2.
Fadillatus Shoimah (07)
3.
Mariana Stevani P (18)
4.
Suci Meidhita .W (27)
5.
Yoko Setiawan (30)
Senior
High School 1 Rembang
2012
PREFACE
We would like to express my
gratitude to God,because he has given many gifts and mercies enabling me to
finish this report entitled “Respiratory
System on Insects”.Anda also I watoryould like to express my gratitude to
our Biology teacher,Mrs.Dwi Wahyuningsih for her training,and to the other
participants who help us to finish this report.
Finally, We think that this report
have many mistakes and it’s far from the perfectness, therefore we need critics
and opinion which can repair our report.We hope that this report is able to
give so many uses.
Author
CONTENTS
Inside
Cover.................................................................................................................
Preface.........................................................................................................................
Contents......................................................................................................................
1.
Purpose........................................................................................................................
2.
Basic
Theory...............................................................................................................
3.
Tools and and
Materials..............................................................................................
4.
Steps...........................................................................................................................
5.
Observation Result.....................................................................................................
6.
Conclusion..................................................................................................................
References..................................................................................................................
1.
PURPOSE
Learn and observe the animal respiration
2.
BASIC
THEORY
Insects take in Oxygen and expel Carbon
Dioxide using a series of internal air tubes, the tracheae. These pass fine
branches, the tracheoles, to all parts of the body. The cuticle lines the
tracheae. These linings are shed with the rest of the cuticle when the insect
moults. There is a main pair of lateral tracheae running the length of the
body, one on each side. Some insects show two such pairs, one dorsal, the other
ventral.
From the main trunks, tracheoles
pass throughout the body. The tracheae open to the air at the paired spiracles.
There is one pair per segment in the thorax and also in the first nine
abdominal segments. This arrangement does vary with different species. In most
species the spiracles on the first segment of the thorax are missing. The pair
on the ninth abdominal segment is also missing.
The tracheoles end within the body
cells. Gases move by diffusion within the tracheal system. When the insect is
less active the ends of the tracheoles contain fluid. It is where the fluid and
gas meet (= the fluid/gas interface), that exchange of gases occurs (oxygen is
taken up, carbon dioxide is given off). As activity increases, the fluid is
removed from the tracheoles. This means that the exchange of gases occurs
nearer the cells. In the extreme case of fatigued flight muscle, the exchange
interface lies within the muscle cells.
Gas/Water interface in
the tracheole
Diffusion alone does not meet the
respiratory demands of the animal. Gases are moved, to a large extent, by
pumping actions of the body segments.
The respiratory system of an insect
is very efficient for small organisms. As body size increases, the efficiency
decreases. When body diameter exceeds about 3cm, the respiratory needs cannot
be met. Hence it is the respiratory system of insects which restricts their
body size. Note that no transport system, such as blood, is involved in moving
oxygen or carbon dioxide around the body.
3.
TOOLS AND MATERIALS
1.
Simple Respirometer
2.
Measuring Tool
3.
Insects (Grasshoper)
4.
Crystal of NaOH/KOH
5.
Eosin
6.
Plastisin/clay
7.
Cutton
8.
Pipette drops
9.
STEPS
1.
Packed the NaOH/KOH crystal , put it into the simple
respirometer.
2.
Measure the insects that will be observed, then enter it into
the respirometer bottle, and then cover it with the pipe scales.
3.
Apply the plastisin/clay to the crack of the respirometer tube's
cover.
|
No
|
Kinds
of insects
|
Mass
(gram)
|
Time
(second)
|
Length(mm)
|
|
1
|
Insects 1
|
0,55
|
1 minute
|
0,4
|
|
|
|
|
2 minutes
|
0,6
|
|
|
|
|
3 minutes
|
0,8
|
|
|
|
|
4 minutes
|
1,02
|
|
|
|
|
5 minutes
|
> 1,02
|
|
2
|
Grasshoper
|
0,20
|
1 minute
|
0,12
|
|
|
|
|
2 minutes
|
0,42
|
|
|
|
|
3 minutes
|
0,48
|
|
|
|
|
4 minutes
|
0,6
|
|
|
|
|
5 minutes
|
0,7
|
|
3
|
Insect 2
|
0,60
|
1 minute
|
0,15
|
|
|
|
|
2 minutes
|
0,43
|
|
|
|
|
3 minutes
|
0,51
|
|
|
|
|
4 minutes
|
0,58
|
|
|
|
|
5 minutes
|
0,62
|
4.
Close the ends of the pipe scale with your finger for about 1
minute, then remove and insert eosin by using the pipette drops.
5.
Observe and write down the change of eosin position every 1
minute for 5 minutes.
6.
Do the same experiments (step 1-5) by using the other
insects/grasshoper with different size.
7.
OBSERVATION
RESULTS
8.
CONCLUSION
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